"整個混亂"-> 這是正常的，因為"英文文法"本來就沒有單一標準 -- 不同學者會有不同看法。所以你要思考的是你這樣子鑽的目的是什麼？因為前題是你要有足夠的語言能力(能看懂)才有辦法作細部分析(那些文法術語都是有語言表達上的意思)
如果你這樣子"鑽"的目的只是為了要"看懂"，那麼這其實是學習上的前後倒置。如果你是因為學校上需要(英文系且是專攻語言學/文法術語一類)，那麼我是建議你先提升語言能力(增加能看懂的能力)，之後的文法分析就能得心應手
以下的內容(有增修/合併我的其它blogs)出自我之前貼的舊文:
http://www.english.com.tw/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=2924&forum=11&post_id=33482#forumpost33482
#28 和 #29 (djyang我本人)
I. adverbial clause
我用Google Books找到的，"Correct English ..." by Josephine Turck Baker，1907年的，不過這部分的解釋算是不錯(看下方貼圖，在Note的部分)
 |
| 用Google Books找這本書。Google Books有提供PDF檔可以下傳 |
(1) I am glad that I have seen her.
貼圖書裡的解釋跟顏元叔編譯的文法書(*1)裡頭提到的"詞性/類轉換"有關聯，那就是句(1)裡頭的that子句本身是名詞子句，但是功能上帶有副詞作用
(explanatory)，我想這也解釋了前頭Ruke提到的在他找的資料裡頭沒有提到that子句可以當副詞子句用的，而且我引的這書的內容也提到"for the time being" -- 是只有在這類少部分慣用表達才成立的用法，而不是普遍可以任意套用的用法。
至於這書的內容是不是唯一的解釋，或是近代書籍有別的看法我就不清楚了(待我再找找....)
---
這本也差不多
An Advanced English Grammar 1913
(也是有PDF檔可以下載)
--------
that-clause adverbial clause
A Grammar of present-day English
p. 151
She seems confident that
she will be chosen.
(*1) 原書籍是 "A GRAMMAR OF PRESENT-DAY ENGLISH" by R. W. Pence
II. noun clause
這個例子則是提到接在形容詞後的that子句的noun clause用法(沒有提別的)
Explore Good English Grammar: Master the Structure of the Language - Page 263(因為是整頁所以請有興趣的人自己點來看)
by Mark Slim - Language Arts & Disciplines - 2004 - 456 pages
*... that noun clauses can come after some adjectives and nouns:
...
...
- I am
glad that Joan has returned home safely.
glad - adjective
that Joan ... safely - noun clause
* You can leave out
that in the above examples and similar cases.
由以上的 I,II 可以很清楚的得到這個結論 -- 以I am glad that ...這例句來說，不是只能有一種文法上的解釋，所以你喜歡哪個就採用哪個，不過我要強調的是在背這些文法術語分類啥的之前先確定有
真的懂這句子的意思
(我後來又找到下列的 III )
III. complement, adjectival complementation
I'm sure (that) ....
-----------
"A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language", by Quirk et al
15.3-16
Nominal clauses
15.4
That-clauses
Nominal
that-clauses may function as:
.....
.....
adjectival complementation: We are glad that you are able to join us on our wedding anniversary.
They may not ...
......
......
15.5
Wh-interrogative clauses
....
....
....
adjectival complementation: I'm not sure which she prefers.
....
....
I'm sure (that) Ted has paid.
I'm not sure who has paid.
.....
.....
Note:
.......
[b] In literary style, subject-verb inversion occasionally occurs when the
wh-element ....
[c] Prepositions are optionally omitted before
wh-clauses:
We have solved the problem (of) who was at fault.
I'm not sure (about) what to do.
.......
Complement clauses
---
What is a complement clause?
http://www-01.sil.org/Linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAComplementClause.htm
Examples .... Nonexamples .....
Adjective Complement
http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/adjectives/what-is-an-adjective-complement.html
文馨英漢當代辭典裡頭也有提到這用法:
