Showing posts with label My notes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label My notes. Show all posts

"in/on the morning of October 20"?

On the morning of October 20

On the morning of the wedding

這用法的表達重點是在那個特定日期(on … October 20),當天的那個 “the morning” 倒是其次。我們有時記得的是一個特定事件「那天」,這時是用那個事件代表那天,這表達習慣中文和英文一樣。

1. https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/morning
找 GRAMMAR: Patterns with morning
...
on the morning of something
• Something happens on the morning of a particular date or event:
- On the morning of March 15,2008, he was involved in a car accident.
- Make sure you arrive in plenty of time on the morning of the exam.

2. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/morning
例句: She arrived on the morning of March 18.

3. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/at-on-and-in-time

In or on? "... The ship left the harbour on the morning of the ninth of November."

4. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/morning_1

  • on the morning of something We got the news on the morning of the wedding.

但是 …

late 或是 early 搭配時的慣用表達則是用 in。比如 late in the morning of June 19, 1967

這用法表達重點除了日期之外也特別將注意力轉移到特定的區段(以上例為例,不是 early in the morning 喔,是 late in the morning)。

1. https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/in-the-morning
Examples from the Corpus:
- Late in the morning of  June 19,1967, he received a call from Atty.

2. English in Mind Level 2B Combo, by Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks, Cambridge University Press, page 12
- ... it happened very early in the morning of April the eighteenth, 1906.


後記

說老實話,我第一次在網路上碰到有人問這問題時我也以為是 in。我當時不知道用 on 的這用法,因為之前沒碰過——不管是日常,在讀研究所時或是後來上班,一般要嘛講個大概日期,要嘛如同商業書信那樣明確的寫好時間和日期,沒必要在那邊另外加個模糊性質的 the morning。不過在那之後我在新聞媒體上碰到時我倒是有特別注意這用法。


編按:以下為舊資料

is wearing不是「正在穿/戴」

… is wearing … 不是「正在穿(上)/戴(上)/...」

直接看影片比較清楚:

如果上頭的 yarn.co (或是 getyarn.io) 無法看影片,那麼看這個英文教學影片也行:

  • "What are you wearing? "
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O67zKqPKiYc
    從 [0:20] 開始(或是 [3:08] 處是附上字幕的相同影片)。訪問的人問 "What are you wearing?",接受訪問的少年郎並不是正在把衣物穿上,他回答的是他穿在身上的是什麼衣物:"I'm wearing, uh, black shoes, blue jeans, black jacket, and red top."
    影片接下去則是更多的 "What are you wearing?" 的對話例子。

字典怎麼說?

文馨當代英漢辭典(第五版)

  • (vt.) wear:  穿著(衣、鞋);戴著(帽);戴著(戒子、眼鏡);佩著(槍、劍)
    (★指穿上,戴上時,用put on)
    ....
    • He was wearing a saber. 他配著一把軍刀。 

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

  • wear1 ... verb
    1 ON YOUR BODY: ... to have something such as clothes, shoes, or jewellery on your body:
    • Susanna was wearing a black silk dress.

...

Register
In everyday English, people often say that someone has something on rather than is wearing something:
· She had on a black silk dress.

注意讀 Register 部份的說明。

 


之前的舊資料

https://www.englishforums.com/English/WearProgressiveOrSimple/brwwcn/post.htm
CalifJim:
He is wearing a new coat. (now, as we speak)
He wears his new coat wherever he goes. (always, as a habit)
He was wearing a new coat at the party last night. (then, during the time we are speaking about)
He [wore / used to wear / would wear] his new coat wherever he went. (always, as a habit)
He wore his new coat to the party last night. (then, when he traveled to the party, on that occasion)


https://www.englishforums.com/English/WoreOrWasWearing/brjbhz/post.htm
(1) He wore glasses (2) She was wearing a new coat. ...
.... 'wore' and 'was wearing' ...

CalifJim:
In many, many cases, the two are equivalent. Choose the one you like better.

If you are talking about something that always or usually happens, something that occurs regularly, then wore is probably better.

He (always) wore glasses.
She (always) wore the same coat every day.

https://www.englishforums.com/English/PastContinuousTense/bhvbck/post.htm

Am I wearing my baby correctly?

這可不是「…正在穿我的嬰兒…?」

直接看圖最快:
https://www.reddit.com/r/babywearing/comments/1jmmjpx/am_i_wearing_my_baby_correctly/



Lexile text ranges by grade level

https://hub.lexile.com/lexile-grade-level-charts 這是一個。或是比較簡單明瞭的,同一頁找及點選 Lexile text ranges by grade level
Lexile text ranges by grade level:
Text Ranges for College and Career Readiness

GradeBeginning of YearEnd of Year
K*BR40L**230L
1190L530L
2420L650L
3520L820L
4740L940L
5830L1010L
6925L1070L
7970L1120L
81010L1185L
91050L1260L
101080L1335L
11 & 121185L1385L

 

其它家的閱讀難度標準

a postage stamp of a building

a (postage) stamp,特別是和信封比起來,是小小的一張紙,進而衍生出這種用來形容很小的一棟建物、一塊地等等的說法: a postage stamp of a building/land/lot/…
https://patch.com/rhode-island/providence/rhode-island-diner-named-among-12-best-new-restaurants-u-s

There, There, in a postage stamp of a building that was once home to a beloved hole-in-the-wall diner in the city’s West End,” Adams wrote.

There, There 是一間小餐館的名字,位於 Providence, Rhode Island, USA
https://maps.app.goo.gl/6qd4MMBbY7KUDkQW9

hole-in-the-wall / hole in the wall 也是用於形容一間小店
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hole-in-the-wall

https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/hole%E2%80%93in%E2%80%93the%E2%80%93wall

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hole--in--the--wall

pushdown wh-element, parenthetical clause

pushdown wh-element

You can do whatever you think is right.

The Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (查 pushdown wh-element)
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English


The Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language 第1050頁 (pdf, 531)

[d] If the subject of the that-clause is a pushdown wh-element  (cf.11.18) and is therefore moved to  the  front of  the superordinate clause, the subordinator that must be omitted, perhaps  to prevent that being initially misinterpreted  as subject  of the following verb:

 Who did she hope would be the winner?  [1]
*Who did she hope that would be the winner?  [1a]
 They  pointed out the damage which they supposed had been done by last night's storm.  [2]
*They pointed out  the damage which they supposed that had been done by  last night's storm.  [2a]
Contrast [1b]  with [1]  and [1a]:
Who did she hope (that) that would be?  [1b]
In [1b], the second that is  indeed  the subject of the that-clause; who  is the subject complement and  therefore the subordinator that may be optionally retained, the presence of a subject that before the verb preventing misinterpretation.
    Here are several other examples of optional that when the wh-element  is not the subject and hence a subject appears before the verb in the that-clause:
Who do you expect (that) they have chosen?
She told me how she thought (that) the machine worked.
They mentioned the name of the men (who) they knew (that) you had spoken to.



parenthetical clause

who they say




Studies in Grammar - Page 115
books.google.com/books?id=jdZEAAAAIAAJ
Mabel Clare Hermans - 1924 - ‎Snippet view - ‎More editions
.... In this sentence, "He is the man who they say will be elected", we see that the main thought is "He is the man who will be elected." In addition there is the clause, "they say," which has been inserted and is not dependent upon the independent clause. In other words, it is neither an independent clause nor a dependent clause. It has been thrown into the sentence and is called a parenthetical clause. The relation of the parenthetical clause to the rest of the sentence is shown in this way:

You will see that the complex sentence is complete without these words, but since they are expressed, we ...



Who Versus Whom--Advanced (link 被移除了)
http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/who-versus-whom-advanced

Mother Tongue

 Mother Tongue, an essay by Amy Tan

  1. https://english.washington.edu/sites/english/files/documents/ewp/teaching_resources/amy_tan_s_mother_tongue.pdf (原出處雜誌複製圖文檔)(有字彙表)

1993年電影「喜福會(The Joy Luck Club)」的原著小說作者 Amy Tan 寫的一篇 essay。

 

simple present, historical present

(Note to self: https://haowon.freeflarum.com/d/117-historical-present  引用這篇的部分內容和圖片)

Explaining English Grammar: A guide to explaining grammar for  teachers of ... by George Yule

"In spoken discourse" page 72

--

"Summary" page 72



-----------------------------------------

 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/present-simple-i-work
找 “Stories and commentaries”

-----------------------------------------

 



Note: Indian author. NOT the one I remembered(historical present in different scenarios -- conversation, news articles....)


simple present / present simple tense
historical present
vivid lively

participle phrase

<<別處的回文我另外存一篇備份 / 算是草稿,有時間我再擴充>>

也有學者是用 participle phrase 來稱呼(比如)這句逗號前頭的用法: Carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his foot on a step.

英文文法(至今)沒有單一的統一標準。光是個"gerund"就有三種解釋/看法 (The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar)
"限定"關代也有restrictive/essential/defining 三種「指同樣東西」的術語標籤。

"participle/participial phrase"是個較廣義的說法。phrase的基本定義: 不是句子/子句(沒有主詞,主要動詞)的「多個字的組合」。

分詞構句(participle/Participial clause/construction/phrase(這個也有) (*1) )一般(較簡單/基礎)的文法書不會提到這個,因為難度較高/較複雜。關係子句(及相關變化)是基礎文法之一,所以會扯到另外的術語的話一般是用較簡單/一般的"Participial phrase",也因此很多人「以為」這只能是指關係子句簡化的reduced relative clause.

"分詞構句"這術語也是一樣的情況。很多時候只是"方便"的一個歸類說法。然後我前頭說的,英文文法沒有統一標準,所以分詞構句除了有學者用副詞來解釋,也有學者是用形容詞來闡釋(這時候通常是和關係子句相關的reduced relative clause當成一樣的東西一起說明):
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/02/
從 "Having been a gymnast, Lynn knew ...." 開始讀
The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying Lynn.

Dr. Darling 也是: 
https://www.guidetogrammar.org/grammar/phrases.htm#participial

書本的文法書也有,有興趣的人可以用 Google Books 找英文母語學者寫的文法書



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participle

(*1) 還有其它使用不同字的術語標籤


暫時放在這頁
"I must have been mad to come to this sumptuous place dressed up like a knockabout comedian." -- The Best of James Herriot, by James Herriot

keywords: past participle, not related to relative clause

fronting of objects + as inversion

fronting of objects
https://books.google.com/books?id=aSf2rQQKJAQC&lpg=PA127&dq=%22such%20fronting%2C%20which%20is%20unaccompanied%22&pg=PA127#v=onepage&q=%22such%20fronting,%20which%20is%20unaccompanied%22&f=false

5.3.9 full inversion after a fronted object
"... if the speaker wishes to highlight .... Such fronting, which is unaccompanied by inversion, ..." (not full inversion)

..............................
.... (full inversion) ...
...............................

as inversion

"..., as did most people. (as most people did)"


 

 

scallion, green onion

scallion, green onion, spring onion

scallions, Stop & Shop
green onions, scallions, Market Basket

relative adverb, adjective clause, adverbial clause



keywords: relative adverb, where, adjective clause, adjectival clause, adverb clause, adverbial clause

An 音convenient truth

 〈 〈我的一篇舊文〉〉

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.usage.english/msg/ba083083675f9f54

"...  There's far too much information in Quirk et al. for any normal human to absorb. I've been using that book for the past twenty years and haven't found anyone who learned to write or speak English better because of having read it from cover to cover, and I know a few Japanese professors of English who not only read it religiously every night, but one who had actually memorized the damned thing, and his English, both spoken and written, was unintelligible to his native anglophone colleagues."

(編按)開頭提到"Quirk et al"是指這本一千七百多頁,很多大學在用的文法教科書:
"A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE" by Quirk et al

-------------------------------
(如果看不懂上文,我大致說一下)寫這內容的人是一個在台灣某大學授課的美國人。他之前有在日本大學待過。他說呢他在日本的時候,他知道他的幾個日本同事(大學教授/老師)將(我前述的)那本(一千多頁)文法書讀得滾瓜爛熟(每晚都讀),其中有一個更是將整本書都背了起來,但是呢,這位將整本文法書都背起來的日本教授他講的和寫的英文,學校裡的其他英文母語的老師(當然含寫這文的美國人作者在內)都聽/讀得「霧煞煞」。

他在提到日本之前的內容大致是說他用這本文法書教了20年,在這20年期間他尚未遇到任何人(除了學生之外當然還有大學教授/老師)因為用了(/背了)這本文法書而能夠講/寫更好的英文。

--------------------------------
我大學是讀工科的。畢業/當兵後我在原畢業學校任職一段時間,這期間我常去找一位在英文系任教的美國人教授(其實就是練習英文)。熟了之後他也會找我幫忙做些東西,比如他們要出本英文讀物,他就找我去幫忙收集文章和排版。有次我們在英文系辦用那裡的電腦在排版時,英文系主任(台灣人)踱步過來問那位美籍教授的意見,原來系主任在寫東西,他過來問他定的英文標題如何,而美籍教授也當場給意見(其實就是「改」。他還將系主任原本的英文標題所表達的意思解釋一遍,然後建議一個更適當的標題,當然也是解釋一遍)。

這位系主任至少有先見之明,不然光靠自己的英文的話....

---------
(同樣的,就算你啃完一本修辭學/語言學,這也不代表你就能寫出通順的英文。這完全是兩回事)

Supplementive clauses in final position

(more on page 569, A Comprehensive Grammar of English Language .... by Quirk et al) 15.62 Supplementive clauses in final position

In spite of their resemblance to nonrestrictive relative clauses, supplementive clauses need not be separated from their matrix clause intonationally when they occur in final position. The following are therefore alternative renderings of the same sentence, differing only in that [1] has two focuses of information, whereas [2] has only one:


One result of the alternative shown in [2] is the possible neutralization of the formal difference between nonfinite clauses functioning as supplementive clauses and those functioning as complementation of the verb. Thus [3] is ambiguous :

I saw Pam going home.                                         [3]

On one interpretation (that of the supplementive clause), I is the implied subject of going home, whereas on the other (that of verb complementation), Pam is the overt subject.

(more on page 569, Comprehensive_Grammar_of_....)



英語母語人士使用字典的情形

英語母語人士使用字典的情形:

http://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=201136

http://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=135658

https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/273718-Help-from-dictionary

ESL Chauvinism

https://groups.google.com/d/topic/alt.usage.english/efjx2VoUjfE/discussion
dontbother
> involve just such multiple choice problems.  For the life of me I
> can't understand, if these tests are really important, why their
> writers don't have them vetted by a panel of native speakers.
Pride? Time? Money? Willing native anglophone vetters? Too much of the first and too little of the latter three.

Note to self: read the thread

will wait ...; will be waiting ...

http://www.englishforums.com/English/WillWaitAndWillBeWaiting/gdwzc/post.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/ask_about_english/071217/

1. I will wait for you.
2. I will be waiting for you.

簡單說,1 主要是交代整體的action。這比較一般性(比如和朋友去買東西。你不想看了,要在店外頭等,你這樣子說就行)

2 則多了些細節(似乎要對方知道,我會是處於"在等你..在等你..在等你"這樣子的持續狀態裡頭) 一個適用情況是...比如情人間(就想像一個漫畫少女眼睛滿是星光:"I'll be waiting for you (until I see you again)"(比如BBC的那個例子)

剩下的話,多閱讀/聽/看,多接觸實際例子,久了你自然會學到/累積講這話的適用情況

"The boss had me checking / check ..."

have 本來就有這些用法。第一題單純的選項A,C不應該同時出現(第2題沒有check這選項,所以還好)。V-ing 這用法字典裡頭就有了:
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/have_1?q=have
25 .... 第2個句型用法
---

The boss had me_____all of last month's sales figures.
(A) to check (b) checked (c) checking (d) checks

答案是 (c)

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!original/tw.bbs.lang.english/Ugd6CAyLPBk/oPVX8P2yYlIJ
(回答的人是程度不錯的美國人)

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!original/tw.bbs.lang.english/Ugd6CAyLPBk/0X5eJZkV0QEJ

(as) compared to/with

http://books.google.com/books?id=CT6M97kkZisC&lpg=PA56&dq=usage%20%22as%20compared%20to%22&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q=usage%20%22as%20compared%20to%22&f=false

page 55
The participial phrases compared to and compared with are often ....

page 56
In the sentences that follow .... , and independent clause is followed by either compared to or compared with plus a noun phrase:

特別是這部份..
Note that in the first sentence, ....

...
as compared to/with