在課文時 karaoke 唸 [/ kara `oke] 課本145頁的音標是這個這基本上是日文發音。參考:
Due to its English pronunciation, it is sometimes incorrectly spelled "kareoke".你貼的第2個link上頭的Collins English Dictionary部份又提供了另一個發音。
1. Tom did not go home ______ 5:00, so his mom was very angry.題目本身問題。until, before 兩個都可以。參考:
選項：until / before
ans: until
before 為何不行呢？....無法跳脫中文思考邏輯@@"
2. like-->喜歡，可以用在完成式嗎？既然他不能用在Ving的形式，"完成式應該也不行吧？"->這有些過份的以一蓋全，或者我應該說"完成式"這3個字所代表的意思過於廣泛---如果你把全世界(英語人士)使用過"liked"完成式的句子全部收集起來，那麼所謂的"不行"則是那些例子全部都是不行，換句話說你的第一個句子(I've never liked her.)就不應該是對的---It doesn't make sense.
完成式應該也不行吧？！～（進行式和完成式的動詞不是應該都要可以持續的嗎？）
ex. I've never liked her.--> O
I've liked this movie very much. I've watched it many times.--> X
為何呢？
I like your jacket.喜歡就是喜歡了，不需要刻意用"have liked"來表示(有的沒的其它意思)
Here's one from Futurama... Bender says to Robot 1X: "I can use you as a
tool to save my friends, and I'll still be the hero who everyone says
how great he was!"
All this I gave up for the mother who needed me. [1][end quote]
a. 就是三天之後。比如今天是星期一，那麼三天之後就是星期四。不會是星期五，六，日....(依照我的中文語感/經驗，我較常碰到的是用於表達這意思的情況，這也是我第1個想到的意思)最最重要的其實是即使是「他三天後（才）來」仍然無法很肯定的知道這要表達的到底是「三天之後」還是「三天以後」，至於「~天後 vs ~天內」就又更不可能知道。你缺的是完整的 context。
b. 是三天以後/至少要三天，至多...天。比如今天是星期一，那麼幸運/最快的話是星期四，但是星期五也有可能，星期六的話也有可能是這天，但是星期日其實也很有可能.... (你的"意指：你至少要等三天"是指這個)
(by John L. ... )----------------
They're all grammatical, though they mean different things, and as usual deletions come at a price in ambiguity.
The general rule is that Whiz Deletion (the name of the rule
that deletes the "Wh- Is" part of a restrictive relative clause....
Why Humanae vitae was right: a reader - Page 401-----------------
Janet E. Smith - 1993 - 591 pages
Is there a population problem? No, there are population problems. In some areas of the world, the fertility rate is too high to be sustained without great misery; in China, the inhuman effort to animal-farm the population is inflicting ...
Once upon a distant war-----------------
William W. Prochnau - 1995 - 546 pages
Roger Hilsman had looked at the overall plans at the beginning of 1963 and concluded in a memo for the White House: "Is there a plan? The answer is no. There are five or six plans, most of them competing. There is, consequently, great ...
Playgoer monthly: Issues 479-499-----------------
1949
What else it does, apart from adding a charming and riotously amusing item to the repertoire, is hard IS there a playwright's problem ? No, there are several. Playwriting is sometimes a creative activity ; sometimes a business pursuit ...
The Guide to English Language Teaching Yearbook 2005===
Simon Collin - 2005 - 333 pages
Is there a standard TEFL qualification? No. There are many routes to qualification as a TEFL teacher ranging from intensive four-week Certificate courses to two-year Master's Degrees. In the USA and some of the Far East, ...
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| (以前的舊圖。現在的網站內容有變) |
--quote--
3. "Thanks in advance"—"as opposed to thanks from the past?"
--end quote--
"Thank you in advance"這句文法上是正確的，也很常看到(尤其是商業界)，但是這句話很容易引起人反感，建議不要這樣子寫。
我到alt.usage.english問英語人士這問題，沒有newsgroupe reader的人可以用google的Groups功能找alt.usage.english然後搜尋"Thank you in advance"
或是點
這裡
目前為止有13篇回應，幾乎全部一面倒的認為這說法給人的感覺像是"我已經謝過你了，所以你有責任幫我喔"，有人甚至認為這謝法很rude。沒一個說這樣子謝人是沒問題的。
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| New Kindle supports Chinese as well. (No hacks required.) |
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| I am very amazed at how well it fares in direct sunlight. |
Pronounced /iː/ in dialects with the happy tensing, /ɪ/ in other dialects. British convention used to transcribe it with /ɪ/, but the OED and other influential dictionaries recently converted to /i/.以及前頭的Wikipedia link-> happy tensing
i very, any, thirty
i: eat, bead, bee
ɪ id, bid, pit
Phonemic chart | Teaching English | British Council | BBC
音標/發音表
Merriam-Webster's (Learner's Dictionary) -- Guide to IPA Pronunciation Symbols-----
這是一個使用了「IPA符號」的例子---是有用到IPA符號(以及個別符號的發音)，但是在個別字(發音)的分類上未必和其它機構的一樣
"...這本書是Princeton Review出的，書名是Grammar Smart。出版公司是Random House。我本來在想，哇，我用那麼多年的"Hopefully, ...."到今天才知道原來是錯的。原本想默記下來然後回家好好修煉，但是順手又另外翻了本字典出來，查到hopefully之後卻看到:
hopefully 不能單獨成"句"，比如"Hopefully, I'll see you tomorrow"。遇到這情況時要把Hopefully改成It is hoped that，原來"有問題"的句子要改成"It is hoped that I'll see you tomorrow"，只是改成這樣子雖然正確，但是讀起來不順，所以可以再改成"I hope I'll see you tomorrow" ....
..."
hopefully adv. .... 2. It is hoped; "Hopefully, we'll ....".啊？！ 怎麼字典上的卻又是可以? 而這本字典卻又是同一家Random House出的，真的是自家人打對台。好奇之下我又翻了另一本字典，這次在hopefully的解釋下頭有個usage note，原來這字的第二意思的用法早就存有爭議，雖然一些"死硬派"的認為這樣的用法是不對的，但是因為使用的人相當普遍，所以已經被接受。我另外又翻兩本字典，Oxford和Oxford American（我在想應該會有英式和美式英語的差異），前者也是提到一樣的用法爭議，後者則寫比較多，大意上也是如此。
※ 引述《Chengheong (Hololang)》之銘言：這是過分簡化/籠統的說法。這用法只是一種選擇，並不是都用There's。或者應該說這犯了很多人都有的通病--以為(英文)口語只有一種。英文口語和我們的中文口語一樣是有分的。在正式的嚴肅場合的交談/演說之類的是一種。有受過良好教育的人的(or聽起來就讓人覺得對方有受過良好教育)的談吐是一種。年輕人/小朋友間的交談(嘻鬧)是一種。談吐粗俗的(or讓人覺得對方是地痞流氓/低教育程度)也是一種。然後他們之間的分界很多時候並不明顯，這個，大家就自己的經驗/中文語感想一下應該就知道了。
: ※ 引述《shingmoon (Moon)》之銘言：
: : 在上課時，發現以下問題
: : 1. There ___ a bag of apples.
: There is a bag of apples.
: There are two glasses of juice.
: 在口語, 不論單數還是複數, 都用There's
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[quote]另外在這本書裡頭的第18,19頁上有兩個有趣的(對話)例子，有興趣的人也可以找來看
Canada was seen as an excellent choice since it was seen as a "safe, ....., yet not inhabited by the descendents of criminals(*5)."
[end quote]
[quote]
Scissors, Paper, Stone
(Also known as Rock, Paper, Scissors)
[end quote]
http://www.azargrammar.com/authorsCorner/2008Panel_Intro.html「有那程度」和「能夠教授」是兩回事—一個英文語言博士有英文專業知識，但是不代表他能夠教授英文，特別是當對象是英文非母語的人。而能夠教授英文的人也確實不用非得俱備「絕對的」英文知識才能教授--這包含絕對100%正確和100%全部的知識涵蓋範圍。
"A lexicographic error is an inaccurate entry in a dictionary."
S.H.:In the US, a "Friend of John" could well imply that John was some high-ranking individual and the person being described had no official position but was known to have a fair amount of influence because of his personal friendship with John. I think that this started with (Friends of) Bill Clinton in the early '90s. Where I worked, "Friend of Joel" and (later) "Friend of Dick" (where Joel and Dick were heads of Labs) were often heard informal titles for certain people.Note ....
---They have different meanings, .....A "friend of John's" is someone John has friended. A "friend of John" is someone who has friended John, but John has not necessarily reciprocated.
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| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slippers.jpg |
......
He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he had been exercising over a period of time. It is possible that he was still exercising at that moment OR that he had just finished.
.....
http://www.crackerbarrel.com/restaurant/lunch-and-dinner-menu/country-dinner-plates/他們的dumplings也可以單點(是side dishes其中一個選項)，很好玩的是他們的dumplings只是厚麵皮，沒有包任何東西，湯汁大概是因為有dumpings這些麵皮在裡頭熬了很久 所以有些黏稠，但是湯汁並不鮮美，有些淡就是了。我之前有點過一次"Chicken n' Dumplins"，只是時間隔得久了，除了記得是厚麵皮之外湯汁的味道倒是有些忘了。這次吃的是另一道菜，可以點兩樣side dishes，其中一個side dish我就點"dumplins"，因為想重新記得那湯汁的味道如何，結果有點失望就是了，所以下次我會點別的。
(最下方那個圖, 盤子上靠下方的白色方形堆)
dump‧ling [countable]1 a round lump of flour and fat mixed with water, cooked in boiling liquid and served with meat:- chicken and dumplings
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English LanguageWikipedia上可以讀到其他國家/地區的"dumpling":
dumpling (n.)
1. A piece of dough, sometimes filled, that is cooked in liquid such as water or soup.
2. Sweetened dough wrapped around fruit, such as an apple, baked and served as a dessert.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpling"餃子":
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozi可惡的是，"jiaozi"在網路字典上找不到，日本的"gyoza"(就是我們的"煎餃")倒是上了Random House和The American Heritage的字典 -_-
"Jiaozi (Chinese transliteration) or gyōza (Japanese transliteration) is a kind of Chinese dumpling, widely popular in China, Japan, and Korea as well as outside of East Asia."
Peking Ravioli — In Boston, guotie are known as "Peking ravioli", a name first coined at the Joyce Chen Restaurant in Cambridge, MA, in 1958.所以我就說ㄇㄟ，只要你有名，你開的餐廳的用詞都可以是標準英語說法
Compact Oxford English Dictionary至於這是哪一種"pudding"，長相如何，在wikipedia的"pudding"那一頁裡頭剛好只有這項有"dumpling"這字眼 --clootie dumpling。用google找的話有小部分是用clootie pudding這字樣:
dumpling (noun)
...
2. a pudding consisting of fruit enclosed in a sweet dough and baked.
(Scottish) clootie dumpling看那樣子 和作法，我倒是覺得翻成"水果糕"還比較好，最至少也要把那個"a"翻出來--一種/某種(水果)布丁，不然的話，光是"(水果)布丁"會讓人以為 任一種的布丁或是水果布丁都可以用dumpling這單字來表示。另外要指出的是此"pudding"並不是我們一般知道的布丁。那條目裡的 pudding根據Longman的解釋:
1 especially British English a hot sweet dish, made from cake, rice, bread etc with fruit, milk or other sweet things added換句話說，光是pudding也不是只有一種樣子(偏偏在台 灣一般我們知道的"雞蛋布丁"其實又是flan，flan傳到日本後他們以「(雞蛋)布丁」來做廣告，之後又傳到臺灣...)。
dumpling唉，都是一樣....
肉餡湯圓；水餃；蘋果布丁
「.....，近兩年來該機構對ＴＯＥＦＬ（托福）、ＧＲＥ等考試進行改革是為了強化考查考生的實際語言應用能力，避免出現一些考生高分低能的現象。所以，如果你看到你的同事用你認為是不標準、很爛的英文在和外國客戶打屁，甚至因此升官的話，不要忌妒，因為那是你不會應用，不敢應用，這就和不會英文的人一樣，對公司都是沒有幫助的。
拉姆西說：“重要的不是你學了多少英文，而是你能在日常交流中運用多少。托福考試已經被110個國家的6000多所高校認 可。然而，許多高校的招生部門擔心，取得高分的一些國際考生無法用英語正常交流。」
52) There was never any indication, in the form of a report from NJDICC, ever seen by Plaintiffs, or seen by anyone with whom Plaintiffs have ever had any communication. There is no evidence then, nor indication nor any information that indicates that any investigation by NJDICC exists, or was ever performed.
-- COMPLAINT IN CIVIL ACTION, No. 2:99-cv-44-T
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA
The evidence comes from studies showing that no family members of individuals with AIDS have ever gotten the disease (except those who .....
-- Oversight Hearings on OSHA's Proposed Standard to Protect Health Care Workers Against Blood-borne...
by United States Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Health and Safety - 1990
(前文:說的人提到一個以前聽過的某字的用法) That is the only time I ever heard that usage.(翻譯)那是我唯一一次聽過那種用法。
On the back of the original Chinese extract of registration is an official seal made by the Registrar of ....什麼主任職稱和人名啦，文件號啦，我整個略掉。, TAIWAN on ...(date)...
I, [translator's name], hereby declare that I am fluent in [language 1] and [language 2], and that this translation is a true, accurate and complete version of the original text to the best of my knowledge.
[Translator's signature]
During his time at Clark, Dr. Stein was given to jeans, long hair and shooting his mouth off in faculty meetings or challenging guest speakers, even eminent ones. "Eyebrows would go up whenever Don's hand would go up," recalls...畫底線之後的部分我讀了好多遍，雖然後頭的意思比較好抓，但是到底什麼是"...was given to jeans, long hair"?本來按照之前的內容他在學校不大如意，那麼我就猜也許這是在說學校把他派給穿牛仔褲留長髮的學生，但是意思不是很合理。又讀了幾遍之後，覺得應該是在說他的"習性"--他當時是穿牛仔褲和留長髮的，只是我不記得"give"有這用法，所以上了Longman ONLINE查give，卻找不到這字義和這用法。後來繼續查其他的字義-->given (adj)，天殺的，居然在這裡!
Longman ONLINE
given (adjective)
......
3 be given to (doing) something formal to tend to do something, especially something that you should not do:
- He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining.
我在AUE上讀到的一串討論文。這類問題經常有人問，而我特別引出這串是因為有人寫了段「考試時如何回答」，而這正符合很多學生的胃口。有興趣的可 以點下面這個link來看：
is or are
There is/are an apple and two pears on the table. | UsingEnglish.com ESL Forum
....兩人異口同聲說，作文寫得好的撇步，還是多閱讀...這講的雖然是中文作文，但是英文作文(以及英文口說)其實也是一樣的情況。以現在網誌流行的程度來看，我相信大家都已經有過「中文寫作」的經驗，然後你再注意「分析」看看你寫過的句子，你會發現你所使用的表達法其實都是別人/大家用過/都有在用的表達方式，你並沒有自己發明新的寫法。
