Boston lexicon
I guess it means more to me than the rest of you, but it just so happened this new McDonald's TV commercial also features Boston(Massachusetts is part of New England) lexicon:
Neurologist
One of the residents there was particularly energetic and bright. This old lady was lean and petite. My girlfriend told me she was a neurologist, but the sad thing was she had Alzheimer. I remember, right after she told me this, I was thinking, "How could that be? Just look at her. She moves around and about just like everyone else." By saying "everyone else," I meant people in general. And her smile. She always smiled. I never once saw her without a big smile.
One day my girlfriend called and asked me to pick her up at her father's place. I got there, but I couldn't find her at the lobby as she'd told me on the phone, so I went in to find her.
"I'm looking for ..." I gave her the description of my girlfriend, and told her I was supposed to meet her at the lobby.
"I know where she is. I'll show you. Just follow me," and off she went with a brisk walk. "Make sure you can keep up!"
So she led me to the dining room, and I saw my girlfriend there. I thanked the lady, and she walked away with a big I'm-glad-I'm-of-help smile.
My girlfriend was helping her father get settled in the dining room, so she asked me to wait for her for a bit more. On my way back to the lobby, I ran into that same lady with her big smile again.
“Are you looking for someone?”
美式發音教學影片
重點: 光用長音和短音來分還是不夠
(右邊的list也有關於發音的影片可以點選來看)
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Difficult words "world", etc
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T sound
重點: almost "d'", or fast "d",不是像我們念的很重的"d"(or strong "d")
注意聽她說 When we say "better", we don't say "be-D(很重)ER"
glottal stop ; true T, flap T
https://dunchee.blogspot.com/2013/05/glottal-stop-true-t-flap-t.html
牛排....
我還在台灣時,那時候的"吃西餐"="吃牛排",而且一定是"鐵板牛排"。不過我是在一百元的我家牛排開張後我才算是開始吃牛排(當兵的時候我常帶隊去吃)。說真的,現在要我選擇的話我會選這類的牛排。
我剛來美國時因為好奇我常點牛排。甚至家裡頭也常煎/烤牛排。但是漸漸的我發現一個問題 -- 牛排的火侯很不好控制,包含餐廳廚師和我們自己私下煮。這邊的牛排厚度一般比我家牛排的"薄片"牛排還厚,所以火侯上的控制難度很高,到目前為止,我碰到送上桌的牛排有達到我點的熟度的機率相當低(包含我們自己在家裡烤/煎的),往往不是過生就是過熟。過熟,嚼起來腮幫子部位關節痛。過生,看到盤子上一堆血水實在是.... 。每次在那裡要求服務生送回去再次處理也不是辦法,所以幾年之前我就開始不再點牛排了。
最近一次我和朋友去TGI Friday(這不算牛排館,所以前頭我沒有提)。我朋友點牛排,他點medium(還是medium rare? 我忘了),結果牛排送上來後太生,他招呼waiter過來反應這情況。一陣子後經理自己親自把烤好的牛排送上來,他為保險起見還要我朋友當場把牛排切開 (*1),結果是我朋友還沒講那經理就自己說"I'll write it off from your bill"(因為他自己看到血水還是一堆流出來,所以那牛排算是送的)。我朋友也是在那裡說沒關係啦什麼的,但是經理堅持那就讓他去。後來帳單送上來 -->沒扣。
(*1) 我是有碰過幾次服務生在牛排送上來後會這樣子問,確定沒問題後才離開
Business letter; formal?
(Majority in this favor:)
HVS: In modern business letters, "herewith" ..... Even if one allows "herewith", .... either be formal or informal, but don't mix them up. .....
(Then, a preferred form)
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(So far, one thinks this way)
E.W: I disagree. .... exactness and accuracy ....
不同的聲音
英語教材百百種,小魔女小魔男也好幾個,學英語倒底是要聽誰的呢? 其實,施主,這要問的是你自己啊。我曾經遇過一個靠聽ICRT聽到講英語講得很流利的人,也遇過一個單字背了一大堆的活字典,而我自己呢,也是在一家語言學校上了快一年的課,從最開始的上課用猜的,到後來的對答如流,每個人有每個人的sweet spot -- 有些人就是能夠背一大堆生字,久久不忘;有些人就是能夠光念文法,分析句子起來頭頭是道。只是適合他人的英語學習法未必適合你。
一般的學生在高中,或是大學期間,其實已經知道適合自己的學習英文方法;如果你覺得背單字你才會心安,那就放心去背吧;如果你覺得這條文法不搞清楚就無法睡覺, 那就安心的去鑽研;如果你覺得上補習班和老外對話才覺得有趣,那就去上,因為,英語不是一夜之間就可以精通的,這靠的是長年累月不止歇的學習,尤其是台灣並不是講英語的國家,一般人無法長期置身於英語環境裡,只是,如果經過了一兩年的勤奮學習,你的英語在任何方面都沒有長足進步,那麼你就要考慮變換一下學習方法了。
以我自己來說,我在讀高中時就很清楚的知道我無法死背,單字或是片語背到第三天就忘了,那時又沒有網路,無法自己找一大堆英語網站來讀,老師有說過要買克漏字聖經,只是我知道我背不起來,所以根本沒買,因此呢,那時的英文文法,片語和單字我靠的僅是課本和老師發的講義。當時我的想法是難的不會,至少基本的要搞通。所幸聯考英語成績雖然差強人意,總算是讓我考上了大學。
即使是像我這般普通的英語學習背景和程度,到美國後交的美國女友,她倒是對她的朋友說我的文法比一般土生土長的美國人好(*1),至於我的會話能力,那當然是比我的"三腳貓"文法還要好。講了這麼多,要說的只是台灣的英語教育並不是那麼一文不值,若不是我在國中及高中受過的英語教育,打了些底,即使不是很強,也夠讓我在上語言課程時猜出老外老師在說什麼。也是因為以前學的文法,我現在才能修改他人英語寫作上的錯誤。英語靠的是聽說讀寫,能四方面兼顧是最好,不能的話,即使是僅加強其中幾樣也是好的,只是,若你真的對英語有興趣,你會不想去全方面增強嗎?
(*1)我們的中文也是一樣,有多少人能說出中文文法規則或是術語? (我們已經分手了。還是有聯絡就是)
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(以下是在別處回答一個網友的內容,大致上和前頭的一樣)
不客氣:) 我住在美國麻州十多年了,有時晚上或是週末閒著沒事會選些有趣的英文問題來回答,主要是興趣。我主要是在***************上頭出沒,有興趣的話歡迎你到那邊逛。
我以前在台灣時的英文很普通的,因為單字啦,片語啦都背不起來,所以才有辦法換方式學英文--->直接和在美國的筆友通信(從高二開始,一直到當兵完,出國前),大學時直接讀英文教科書(工科的教科書沒有複雜文法,用高中記剩下的就夠了),直接去上英語會話課練習 「活用」英文。
現在的話是已經會活用英文所以回頭再去讀文法書就很容易讀懂(我是在約三年前才又開始重新碰文法,利用等女友的空閒時間到書局翻文法書),換句話說,從高中畢業後到三四年前,我沒有碰過文法書或是文法術語啥的,都是實際應用。
當然每個人的方法都不一樣,適合我的未必適合你,算是提供我的經驗給你參考囉 :)
<<我的一篇舊文,有修改>>
Cleft sentences (which?)
這用法我之前也是找了好久:p 我找到的並沒有分析單一文法詞性(but what ruke said makes sense),只是對這用法有介紹(換句話說整個背下來,然後記住整個的意思)
以下出自"Practical English Usage" by M.S., 3rd edition, 130 cleft sentences(註一), 130.5 other structures
"....
All (that), and expressions with thing, can be used in cleft sentences.
All I want is a home somewhere......"
All you need is love.
All (that) I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke.
The only thing I remember is a terrible pain in my head.
.......
(註一) cleft是"divided"的意思,這用法的出現是為了用文字來凸顯/強化某個特定的字。我們一般在說話時可以用語氣上加重某個字的方式來強調那個字的意思,比如:
我在看電視. (普通語氣/速度的念)
我在看*電視* (粗體字是大聲念出來的部份)
這兩句聽起來的感覺會不一樣。但是在文字書寫上就沒辦法這樣子做(除非像我一樣在後面刻意加個注解補充)。cleft sentence就是在這情況下產生的,它是先用一小段話來作前導(也可以是在後頭),告訴讀者「注意喔,接下來的字(或是之前的字)就是我要強調的喔」,之後所接的才是真正要講的,最後還可以再用個類似關係子句般的子句把主要強調的字補充完所要說的意思。
比如:
- Mary kept a pig in the garden shed. 這句話很平常,沒什麼特別,但是如果我要強調是"Mary"而不是其他人的話---
Mary was the person who kept a pig in the garden shed. 這是把要強調的Mary放在前頭的用法,然後 the person who 就是告知讀者前頭的主詞就是我要強調的。
The person who kept a pig in the garden shed was Mary. 這是把要強調的Mary放在最後的寫法。
"cleft sentences"可以用的基本句型很多,前頭的All (that) .... 也是其中一個。
以原來的問題來說:
All I could do was (go to bed) and (hope that I felt better the next day).
這整句是要強調兩件事(括弧部份),而不是要強調開頭當作主詞的All。
其它資料:
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/GRAMMAR/sentences.htm
"The cleft sentence .... (usually who, which, or that)"
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Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
Quirk et al
18.28 : page 1386 - 1387
(Cleft sentences)
"18.28 The second clause in a cleft sentence is obviously similar in structure to a restrive relative clause; .... Examples above show that pronouns used in relative clauses (who, that, 'zero' pronoun) are also used to introduce cleft sentences.......
"There are differences from relative clauses, however, in that the wh-forms are rare in cleft sentences in comparison with that and zero. Although whose is allowed in cleft sentences (It's Uncle Bill whose address I lost), whom and which are only marginally possible, and it is virtually impossible to use whom or which preceded by a preposition. ......." --> 謎之聲: What happened to who?
(Note: There's more to the restriction of using wh-forms)
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"Practical English Usage" by M.S., 3rd edition
131 cleft sentences (2): .....
"... are usually joined to the relative clause by that. ....... Who is possible ... when a personal subject is emphasised."